Inheritance

inheritance n. The process of genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

genetic  adj. Of or relating to genetics or genes. Affecting or affected by genes, as a disorder or deficiency.

genome n. A complete haploid set of chromosomes with its associated genes.

haploid adj. Having a single set of each chromosome in a cell or cell nucleus. In humans, only the reproductive cells (ovum and spermatozoa) are haploid. The haploid number (23 in humans) consists of 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome (X or Y).

diploid  adj. Having paired sets of chromosomes in a cell or cell nucleus. In diploid organisms that reproduce sexually, one set of chromosomes is inherited from each parent. The somatic (non-reproductive) cells of humans are diploid.

autosome n. A chromosome other than a sex chromosome.

Haploinsufficiency  occurs when a diploid organism (like a human) only has a single functional copy of a gene (with the other copy inactivated by mutation) and
*the single functional copy of the gene does not produce enough of a gene product (typically a protein, ATP2C1 in this case)
*to bring about a wild-type (normal) condition,
*leading to an abnormal or diseased state.

penetrance n. The frequency with which a heritable trait is manifested by individuals carrying the principal gene or genes conditioning it.
incomplete penetrance n. When penetrance is less than 100%.

Diseases caused by haploinsufficiency (like HHD) are inherited in a dominant fashion. If one copy, from one parent, is defective – the disease occurs. There is a 50% chance that the parent with the trait will pass it to their offspring.

HHD has incomplete penetrance as the trait does not always produce clinical symptoms.


ATP2C1: OMIM 604384

*604384 ATPase, Ca(2+)-TRANSPORTING, TYPE 2C, MEMBER 1; ATP2C1 Alternative titles; symbols ATPase, Ca(2+)-SEQUESTERING SECRETORY PATHWAY Ca(2+) ATPase 1; SPCA1 PMR1, RAT, HOMOLOG OF HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: ATP2C1 Cytogenetic location: 3q22.1     Genomic coordinates (GRCh37): 3:130,569,368 – 130,735,555 (from NCBI) Gene Phenotype Relationships Location Phenotype … Read More